CLEAN HYDROGEN FUEL PRODUCED BY WATER-ELECTROLYSIS AT A COST, CLOSE TO ZERO

OXYGEN-HYDROGEN POWER & FUEL GENERATOR

8 kWh Net Power and 0.640 kg/h Net Hydrogen Fuel

Grainis ltd. is a Bulgarian R&D Company with a team of engineers and scientists, working since 2005 on projects for low-cost Hydrogen gas and Stoichiometric (1:2 ratio) Oxygen-Hydrogen (SOH) Gas Mixture, also popularly (and unproperly) called HHO. After 14 years of lab experiments we invented a unique water-electrolysis cell, producing 1 liter of SOH gas with less than 0.4 Wh/L electric energy.
HYDROGEN AND STOICHIOMETRIC OXYGEN-HYDROGEN FUELS AND SYSTEMS
Applying various methods of current transforming, we have also achieved power rates, even  less than 0.38Wh/L SOH.
HYDROGEN AND STOICHIOMETRIC OXYGEN-HYDROGEN FUELS AND SYSTEMS

For comparison, mass-produced SOH gas generators today perform 3.8-4.8 Wh/L, or about 10 times more.


Based on the results shown in the table above, an example, 1m3  / 1,000 liters of SOH-gas-producing Water-electrolysis Vessel, called ELECTROLYZER ( or LYZER for short ), with the respective number and size of electrolysis cells, similar to ours, will produce 1m3  (1,000 liters) of SОH gas mixture with 380Wh or 0.38kWh power.

According to our measurement tests conducted, 1m3, or 1,000 liters of SОH gas weighs 0.535 kg/m3 at 0,45 bar pressure and 20deg.С .

1L SOН  =>  0.38Wh

1000L SOН = 0.535 kg OН  =>  380Wh = 0.38kWh/m3


PURE HYDROGEN weighs 1/9 of the SОН, because the H2 molecule’s molar mass is 2 g/mol, and the SОН’s molar mass is 18 g/mol, or 9 times more.


So, 1m3  (1,000 liters) of SОH gas, produced by our cell, contains :

0.535 kg SOH : 9 = 0.06 kg (60 grams) of PURE HYDROGEN, produced with 0.38 kWh, at 0.45 bar / 20deg.C .


Scaling-up 4 times and multiplying our super-efficient electrolysis cell, we can make an SOH  ELECTROLYZER (Lyzer) with sizes :  500/250/250 mm, comprised of 320 cells ( 8 clusters, 40 cells each) :

HYDROGEN AND STOICHIOMETRIC OXYGEN-HYDROGEN FUELS AND SYSTEMS

Based on the photo of the table above, our basic cell produces SOH with 0,72 Wh/L power.


So, for example, a 4-times scaled-up electrolysis cell in the 4-times scaled-up Electrolyzer, could produce for example 2.2 L/h SОН, with 1.58 Wh/cell - ( 0.72 Wh/L x 2.2L ).

All the 320 cells will produce : 320cells х 2.2 L/h = ~700 L/h SОН .

Each cell will consume 1.58 Wh, or all the Lyzer’s 320 cells will consume ~500 Wh.


Or a Lyzer Container, sized 2х2х1m, comprised of 64 Lyzers, will consume : 64 х 500W = 32,000W = 32 kWh, for producing :  


64 х 700 L/h SОH = 44,800 L/h SОH х 0.535 kg/1,000L = 23.97 kg of SOH : 9 = 2.6 kg of Н2 , or

2.6 : 64 = 0.04 kg of pure hydrogen per one Lyzer.

Or : with 32 kWh we’ll produce 2.6 kg Н2 x 12,100 L/kg H2 = 31,460 L/h Pure Hydrogen (Н2) .

Hydrogen Fuel Cells “Horizon” produce  5,000 W/h power with hydrogen flow rate of 65 L/min or 3,900 L/h. As we saw above, 64 Lyzers produce  31,460 L/h hydrogen, or we can feed 31,460 : 3,900 = 8 (eight) fuel cells, 5kW each, totally 40 kWh :

HYDROGEN AND STOICHIOMETRIC OXYGEN-HYDROGEN FUELS AND SYSTEMS

Or  31,460 L/h Н2 : 3 900L/h = 8 cells Horizon х 5kW = 40 kW total output.

With 32 kWh we’ll feed the 64 Lyzers for hydrogen’s production.

The rest 8 kWh of power is the net energy, which could be used in the household / small business for heating, etc. needs.


If there is no, or lower need of power for a given period of time (nighttime), the 8 kWh net power  could be used for production of additional NET quantity of hydrogen, with additional 16 Lyzers 500W / 0.04 kg/h H2 each, or :


16 Lyzers х 0.04 kg/h = 0.640 kg/h net = 7,744 L/h net hydrogen.


The entire system could be schematically shown in the following diagram :

HYDROGEN AND STOICHIOMETRIC OXYGEN-HYDROGEN FUELS AND SYSTEMS
Based on this model, we can scale-up an entire economy for Pure Hydrogen and Hybrid-Hydrogen Fuels production - at home, in road-based refueling stations, in Factories and else industrial facilities, etc.
HYDROGEN AND STOICHIOMETRIC OXYGEN-HYDROGEN FUELS AND SYSTEMS
We can produce clean fuels in the middle of nowhere, in deserts, and even in the ocean, on floating BFC platforms. https://floaturbine.alle.bg
HYDROGEN AND STOICHIOMETRIC OXYGEN-HYDROGEN FUELS AND SYSTEMS
The hydrogen produced could be stored by compressing and pumping in special 700-bar, 2.5 kg gas TYPE-4 Cylinders, produced by  Hexagon-Xperion-Germany - http://www.hexagonxperion.com/fileadmin/user_upload/xperion_Energy___Environment/Datenblaetter_-_xperion_EE/Hexagon_xperion_Datenblaetter/Hydrogen_flyer_September_2017.pdf
HYDROGEN AND STOICHIOMETRIC OXYGEN-HYDROGEN FUELS AND SYSTEMS
HYDROGEN AND STOICHIOMETRIC OXYGEN-HYDROGEN FUELS AND SYSTEMS
HYDROGEN AND STOICHIOMETRIC OXYGEN-HYDROGEN FUELS AND SYSTEMS
HYDROGEN AND STOICHIOMETRIC OXYGEN-HYDROGEN FUELS AND SYSTEMS
The Stoichiometric Oxygen-Hydrogen (SOH) Gas Composition, produced by a ultrasono-modified oxygen-hydrogen (MOH) water electrolysis, patented in 2008 and 2011 in Japan as Ohmasa Gas, could be compressed (200-700bar) and liquefied (10bar/-178deg.C) and stored for years in regular CNG and LNG cylinders and tanks :
HYDROGEN AND STOICHIOMETRIC OXYGEN-HYDROGEN FUELS AND SYSTEMS
HYDROGEN AND STOICHIOMETRIC OXYGEN-HYDROGEN FUELS AND SYSTEMS
HYDROGEN AND STOICHIOMETRIC OXYGEN-HYDROGEN FUELS AND SYSTEMS

With 300L Liquid-MOH Tanks on-board, a full-loaded lorry could drive more than 1,000 miles.
Here is a picture of the Toyota Mirai's 5kg-total H2-Tanks :
HYDROGEN AND STOICHIOMETRIC OXYGEN-HYDROGEN FUELS AND SYSTEMS
HYDROGEN AND STOICHIOMETRIC OXYGEN-HYDROGEN FUELS AND SYSTEMS

H2 could be put in use as a fuel in fuel cell-electric vehicles (FCEV) as Toyota Mirai, for example, or else, or could be sold.


Toyota Mirai drives a 500 km distance with two bottles of 2.5kg, 700-bar hydrogen.


Such a cylinder could be filled for about 8 hours with our 16 Lyzers.


This system produces also heat ( the outlet clean distilled water, getting out of the fuel cells, 40-50 deg.C hot, which could be used for heating premises and water) .


The system could be installed in a small container and delivered anywhere, for non-stop combined power, heat and fuel production, out of water, at a cost, close to zero.


It can be also scaled up into limitless-large, industrial, megawatt-scale plants.

HYDROGEN AND STOICHIOMETRIC OXYGEN-HYDROGEN FUELS AND SYSTEMS
HYDROGEN AND STOICHIOMETRIC OXYGEN-HYDROGEN FUELS AND SYSTEMS
BALLARD HYDROGEN FUEL CELL
Type: PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) fuel cell stack. Rated Power 43 W/cell. Rated current 65 Amps DC voltage 660 mV/cell. Fuel: Hydrogen 99.95% or better . Fuel supply pressure 0.16 to 0.56 bar g Fuel flow rate ~0.5 slpm/cell2  Air Coolant flow rate ~50 slpm/cell . Temperatures: Operating temperature -40°C to 52°C Start up temperature ≥ -10°C to 52°C Physical Characteristics: Length x width x height 363 x 103 x 351 mm (56-cell stack) Mass 11.0 kg. With no moving parts and high efficiency, the FCgen-1020ACS produces clean DC power with a low thermal and acoustic signature. The FCgen–1020ACSstack can be scaled to meet power requirements from 450W to 3kW and integrated into various end user applications. FCgen–1020ACS fuel cell product is available in a number of cell configuration options.


COMPARISON H2 - SOLAR


H2 Plant 8kW net = 64 lyzers x 320 cells = 20,480 cells 125X60mm

Solar Plant 8kW net = 53 panels x 144 cells = 7,632 cells 125x60mm

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Solar Panel 150W, 1500x700x40mm = 1.5 x 0.7 x 0.04m = 0.04m3/panel

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SOH Lyzer 125W,  500x250x250mm (0.5 x 0.25 x 0.25m) = 0.03m3/lyzer

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( 8kW net = 8,000 W : 64 lyzers = 125 watts/lyzer net ) .

ROTARY / WANKEL ENGINE-GENERATOR
We can replace the heavy, expensive, short-life and hard for maintenance Fuel Cells with a much smaller, compact, cheap and lightweight Rotary (Wankel) Engine-Generator. It can be fueled by the modified OH gas mix, no need of pure hydrogen as required for the HFCs.
HYDROGEN AND STOICHIOMETRIC OXYGEN-HYDROGEN FUELS AND SYSTEMS
HYDROGEN AND STOICHIOMETRIC OXYGEN-HYDROGEN FUELS AND SYSTEMS
HYDROGEN AND STOICHIOMETRIC OXYGEN-HYDROGEN FUELS AND SYSTEMS
HYDROGEN AND STOICHIOMETRIC OXYGEN-HYDROGEN FUELS AND SYSTEMS
Also, various small, compact, lightweight and low-cost gas micro-turbines and turbo-generators, with ultrahigh rpm speed (500,000 rpm), a single rotating part, fixed on frictionless air-magnet bearings, could be used, instead of HFCs, for on-board power generation and electric-motor/s supply, or for direct mechanical-rotation transmission through a gear box. These MOH-Fueled turbines have also much longer lifespan and easier (zero) maintenance, than the Fuel Cells and are the best option for small cars and drones propulsion. https://watercar.alle.bg
HYDROGEN AND STOICHIOMETRIC OXYGEN-HYDROGEN FUELS AND SYSTEMS
HYDROGEN AND STOICHIOMETRIC OXYGEN-HYDROGEN FUELS AND SYSTEMS


Sofia, Jan. 10, 2018


CONTACTS :


GRAINIS ltd. Hydrogen Bulgaria

5 Gen. Edward Totleben blvd., 

1606 Sofia, Bulgaria

Tel. +359 899 17 15 70

grainis@abv.bg , grainisbg@gmail.com 

https://fuels.alle.bg  - main website

https://vodorod.alle.bg  -  БЪЛГАРСКИ



HYDROGEN AND STOICHIOMETRIC OXYGEN-HYDROGEN FUELS AND SYSTEMS
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